Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency Publication_Date: 20110822 Title: TERRAIN, Kittitas, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: FEMA-DCS-Terrain Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: Federal Emergency Management Agency Online_Linkage: http://hazards.fema.gov Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency Publication_Date: 20110822 Title: FEMA CASE 11-10-0110S Description: Abstract: The Kittitas AOI consists of two areas. These areas were to be collected to the 'highest' accuracy requirement. Ground Control is collected throughout the AOI for use in the processing of LiDAR data to ensure data accurately represents the ground surface. QA/QC checkpoints, (FVA and CVA - see Ground Control process step for further information) are located throughout the area, and are used for independent quality checks of the processed LiDAR data. LiDAR acquisition products include Pre- and Post- flight reports which contain information on the flightlines, equipment parameters, and other pertinant acquisition details. The LiDAR Point Cloud product consists of tiles of LAS points which are partially classified such that the bare earth points can be calibrated to the ground surface and tested via the independent QC to ensure the ground surface is accurately represented. The LiDAR processing product consists of LAS points which are fully classified with the bare earth points tested via the independent QC to ensure the ground surface is accurately represented. Purpose: Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data. Terrain data is used to represent the topography of a watershed and/or floodplain environment and to extract useful information for hydraulic and hydrologic models. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011822 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.233187 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.303672 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.365658 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.887088 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: FEMA NFIP Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Land Surface Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Digital Terrain Model Theme_Keyword: Elevation Data Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Ground Control Theme_Keyword: LAS point files Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Theme_Keyword: All Returns Theme_Keyword: Bare Earth Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION X Place_Keyword: STATE WA Place_Keyword: COUNTY KITTITAS Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 037 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY KITTITAS COUNTY Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 530095 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION X Place_Keyword: STATE WA Place_Keyword: COUNTY KITTITAS Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 037 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY CLE ELUM, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 530096 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION X Place_Keyword: STATE WA Place_Keyword: COUNTY KITTITAS Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 037 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY ELLENSBURG, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 530234 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION X Place_Keyword: STATE WA Place_Keyword: COUNTY KITTITAS Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 037 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY ROSLYN, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 530299 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION X Place_Keyword: STATE WA Place_Keyword: COUNTY KITTITAS Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 037 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY SOUTH CLE ELUM, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 530263 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of FEMA would be appreciated in products derived from these data. This digital data is produced for the purposes of updating/creating a DFIRM database. Data_Set_Credit: Ground control and quality control checkpoints were collected by CompassData, Inc. AeroMetric, Inc. performed LiDAR acquisition flights,automated and manual processing. Independent QC of the bare earth surface was performed by CompassData, Inc. Quality Assurance testing was conducted by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. All firms were under contract to STARR, A Joint Venture which held the FEMA contract and task order for this work. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Survey data have been confirmed to be in proper units, coordinate systems and format. The terrain data have been confirmed as complete LAS format data files. Header files are in proper LAS format with content as specified by FEMA Procedural Memo No. 61. Completeness_Report: Survey data have been checked for completeness, points have been collected in correct vegetation units, and distributed throughout the AOI. The terrain data have been checked for completeness against AOI polygons. No gaps as defined by FEMA Procedural Memo No. 61 are known to exist within the dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Deliverables were tested by for both vertical and horizontal accuracy. The vertical unit of the data file is in meters with 2-decimal point precision. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: .073 Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA) equal to the 95th Percentile calculated against the bare earth surface in all ground cover classes. Reported in meters. Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) equal to the 95% confidence level (RMSE[z] x 1.9600) calculated against the point cloud (unclassified LAS) was 0.117meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: GroundControl Kittitas Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other1 Source_Contribution: Control points for tying LiDAR data to the ground surface. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: FVA_CVA Kittitas Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other2 Source_Contribution: Quality Assurance points to confirm LiDAR data meets vertical accuracy requirements. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Kittitas_Collection_Area Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other3 Source_Contribution: Shapefile of Kittitas LiDAR Acquisition Area. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: All_Returns Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other4 Source_Contribution: Point Cloud (All Returns) LAS point files named according to the Kittitas_Tile_Index. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Kittitas_PreFlightReport Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other5 Source_Contribution: document contains the operation plans for the LiDAR acquisition. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Kittitas_PostFlight_Report Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other6 Source_Contribution: Document contains the acquisition and calibration report for the LiDAR acquisition. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Kittitas_Tile_Index Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other7 Source_Contribution: shapefile of tile index used to populate and reference the LAS tiled data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Region 10 Kittitas Testing Results FVA CVA Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other8 Source_Contribution: document contains QC test results for both FVA CVA blind checkpoint tests against the bare earth surface generated from the bare earth LAS points. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: R10_Kittitas_County_Terrain_TSDN Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other9 Source_Contribution: Technical Support Data Notebook contains complete narrative on the acquisition and processing of the LiDAR dataset, including area diagram, reports, metadata and other supporting documentation. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Bare_Earth Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110822 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other10 Source_Contribution: Fully Classified LAS point file named according to the UTM coordinates at the southwest corner of tile. Process_Step: Process_Description: GPS based surveys were utilized to support both processing and testing of LiDAR data within FEMA designated Areas of Interest (AOIs). Geographically distinct ground points were surveyed using GPS technology throughout the AOIs to provide support for three distinct tasks. Task 1 was to provide Vertical Ground Control to support the aerial acquisition and subsequent bare earth model processing. To accomplish this, survey-grade Trimble R-8 GPS receivers were used to collect a series of control points located on open areas, free of excessive or significant slope, and at least 5 meters away from any significant terrain break. Most if not all control points were collected at street/road intersections on bare level pavement. Task 2 was to collect Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) checkpoints to evaluate the initial quality of the collected point cloud and to ensure that the collected data was satisfactory for further processing to meet FEMA specifications. The FVA points were collected in identical fashion to the Vertical Ground Control Points, but segregated from the point pool to ensure independent quality testing without prior knowledge of FVA locations by the aerial vendor. Task 3 was to collect Consolidated Vertical Accuracy CVA) checkpoints to allow vertical testing of the bare-earth processed LiDAR data in different classes of land cover, including: Open (pavement, open dirt, short grass), High Grass and Crops, Brush and Low Trees, Forest, Urban. CVA points were collected in similar fashion as Control and FVA points with emphasis on establishing point locations within the predominant land cover classes within each AOI or Functional AOI Group. In order to successfully collect the Forest land cover class, it was necessary to establish a Backsight and Initial Point with the R8 receiver, and then employ a Nikon Total Station to observe a retroreflective prism stationed under tree canopy. This was necessary due to the reduced GPS performance and degradation of signal under tree canopy. The R-8 receivers were equipped with cellular modems to receive real-time correction signals from the Keystone Precision Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network encompassing the Region 1 AOIs. Use of the VRS network allowed rapid collection times (~3 minutes/point) at 2.54 cm (1 inch) initial accuracy. All points collected were below the 8cm specification for testing 24cm, Highest category LiDAR data. To ensure valid in-field collections, an NGS monument with suitable vertical reporting was measured using the same equipment and procedures used for Control, FVA and CVA points on a daily basis. The measurement was compared to the NGS published values to ensure that the GPS collection schema was producing valid data and as a physical proof point of quality of collection. Those monument measurements are summarized in the Accuracy report included in the data delivered to FEMA. 20 FVA points and 15 additional CVA points across the group of AOIs were collected. 20 FVA points are necessary to allow testing to CE95 – 1 point out of 20 may fail vertical testing and still allow the entire dataset to meet 95% accuracy requirements.In similar fashion, 20 CVA points are necessary to test to CE95 as discussed above. 15 CVA points were collected with the intention at the outset that 5 of the collected FVAs would perform double–duty as Open-class CVA points, to total 20 CVAs per AOI. The following software packages and utilities were used to control the GPS receiver in the field during data collection, and then ingest and export the collected GPS data for all points: Trimble Survey Controller, Trimble Pathfinder Office. The following software utilities were used to translate the collected Latitude/Longitude Decimal Degree HAE GPS data for all points into Latitude/Longitude Degrees/Minutes/Seconds for checking the collected monument data against the published NGS Datasheet Lat/Long DMS values and into UTM NAD83 Northings/Eastings: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CorpsCon, National Geodetic Survey Geoid09NAVD88. MSL values were determined using the most recent NGS-approved geoid model to generate geoid separation values for each Lat/Long coordinate pair. In this fashion, Orthometric heights were determined for each Control, FVA and CVA point by subtracting the generated Geoid Separation value from the Ellipsoidal Height (HAE) for publication and use as MSL NAVD88(09). Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using a Optech Gemini LiDAR system, 99 flight lines of highest density (Nominal Pulse Spacing of 1.0m) were collected over the Kittitas area. A total of four missions were flown: April 17, 2011, April 18, 2011, and April 19, 2011. Two airborne global positioning system (GPS) base stations were used to support the LiDAR data acquisition: 39471080.t01 and 82571071. Coordinates are available in the Post-Flight Aerial Acquisition Report. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description:Raw airborne GPS and IMU data were extracted from Applanix CARD. The GPS data was differentially processed in PosGPS and integrated with the IMU data in PosPAC. The GPS/IMU data is processed in Applanix to derive a smoothed best estimate of trajectory (SBET).The SBET was used to reduce the LiDAR slant range measurements to derive the Return measurement for each LiDAR pulse for all LiDAR pulses within for each flight line. The coverage was imported into TerraScan and tiled into 1500m x 1500m tiles. An initial accuracy assessment is done using the ground point survey data. The data then is classified to extract a bare earth digital elevation model (DEM). Once all project data was imported and classified, the survey ground control data was imported again and calculated against teh LAS Class 2 (Ground) data for an accuracy assessment. As a QC measure, a routine was used to generate accuracy statistical reports by comparison among LiDAR points, ground control, and triangulated irregular networks (TIN). Any systematic bias in the data is removed to meet or exceed the vertical accuracy requirements. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: The calibrated and filtered LiDAR point cloud was hand checked for accuracy. All points were placed in one of the following categories: 1 Unclassified, 2 Ground, 7 Noise, and 12 Overlap Points. Model Key points were then generated from the Ground points and placed in Category 8. Requested elevation values to were then provided to CompassData for their evaluation of the Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA). Process_Date: 2011 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -99.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000010 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000010 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute Values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\GroundControl Entity_Type_Definition: Ground Control Survey for LiDAR collection Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\FVA_CVA Entity_Type_Definition: Survey for Horizontal and Vertical LiDAR QC Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\Kittitas_Collection_Area Entity_Type_Definition: Area Spatial File Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\All_Returns Entity_Type_Definition: LAS 1.2 files Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\Kittitas_PreFlightReport Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\Kittitas_PostFlightReport Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\Kittitas_Tile_Index Entity_Type_Definition: Area Spatial File Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\SupplementalData\Region 10 Kittitas Testing Results FVA CVA Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\General\R10_Kittitas_County_Terrain_TSDN Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2143612\Bare_Earth Entity_Type_Definition: LAS 1.2 files Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The Terrain data package is made up of several data themes containing primarily spatial information. These data supplement the Elevation datasets by providing additional information to aid flood risk evaluation and flood hazard area delineations. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Appendix M of FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for FEMA Flood Hazard Mapping Partners contains a detailed description of the data themes and references to other relevant information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Federal Emergency Management Agency Engineering Library Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Marie Sparrow, Zimmerman Associates, Inc. Address: 847 South Pickett Street City: Alexandria State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 22304 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-877-336-2627 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: miphelp@mapmodteam.com Distribution_Liability: No warranty expressed or implied is made by FEMA regarding the utility of the data on any other system nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: FEMA-DCS-Terrain Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://hazards.fema.gov Fees: Contact Distributor Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20110131 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: FEMA Representative Contact_Organization: Federal Emergency Management Agency Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 500 C Street, S.W. City: Washington State_or_Province: District of Columbia Postal_Code: 20472 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-877-336-2627 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: miphelp@mapmodteam.com Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://hazards.fema.gov Online_Linkage: http://www.epsg.org Profile_Name: FEMA NFIP Metadata Content and Format Standard